| 下列以a-开头的形容词通常只用作表语:
afraid, alike , alive , alone, asleep, awake, ashamed , afloat (飘浮的), aware (知道的)等。
另外,unable, content (满足的), all(身体)好的,ill(生病的),通常不可用作定语;ill 作定语时,通常是"坏的,邪恶的"意思。尽管现在已有人用ill作前置定语表示生病的,well表示健康的,习惯上还是用sick, healthy等作前置定语为要。
以上所列词汇中,afraid , alive, alone, awake 可用作后置定语,如
a man afraid (害怕的人),the greatest man alive (健在的最伟大的人) the only child awake (唯一醒着的孩子)
The people , and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history.
人民,只有人民,才是创造世界历史的动力。
还有两点必须注意: (1)多数以a-开头的形容词不直接用very修饰,通常习惯说法如:
very much alone 非常孤单的
wide awake 十分清醒的
sound / fast asleep 熟睡的
(2)以a-开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时,可以用作前置定语,如
a fast asleep boy 熟睡的男孩
the wide awake soldiers 十分清醒的士兵
2. 有些形容词(如wooden)通常不能用作表语。我们不说The table is wooden 而应改为
The table is of wood. 或The table is made of wood.
不能用作表语,只能作定语的常用形容词还有:inner 内部的,outer 外部的, former 较前的, latter 较后的,utter完全的,upper上面的,real真正的,mere仅仅的,live[laiv]活的,sheer纯粹的,only唯一的,aged年老的
3. 有些形容词(如possible)作表语时,通常不用"人"作主语。我们不说He is possible to attend the meeting. 而应该说It is possible for him to attend the meeting. 这类形容词常见的有: possible, improbable, convenient, inconvenient等
注意:这类句型中当动词不定式与句子主语存在着逻辑动宾关系时,主语用"人"是可以的,如
He is impossible to teach. = It is impossible to teach him.
下句也是正确的:
She is necessary to get along well with.
4. worth, worth while 和worthy
1) be worth 表示"价值"时,后面可以直接接名词或-ing形式,如:
The used motor bike is worth 2,000 Yuan at most.
This book is well worth reading.
2) 在It is worth while 结构中,it 为形式主语,后面可接-ing形式,也可接动词不定式
The place is worth visiting.
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